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Cannabinoids and pain: sites and mechanisms of action
(Elsevier, 2017-06-20)
The endocannabinoid system, consisting of the cannabinoid(1) receptor (CB1R) and cannabinoid(2) receptor (CB2R), endogenous cannabinoid ligands (endocannabinoids), and metabolizing enzymes, is present throughout the pain ...
The prefrontal cortical endocannabinoid system modulates fear–pain interactions in a subregion‐specific manner
(Wiley, 2018-05-30)
Background and Purpose
The emotional processing and coordination of top‐down responses to noxious and conditioned aversive stimuli involves the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Evidence suggests that subregions of the ...
Locomotor and anti-immobility effects of buprenorphine in combination with the opioid receptor modulator samidorphan in rats
(Elsevier, 2018-12-13)
Modulation of the opioid system has re-emerged as a potential therapeutic avenue for treating depression, with efficacy of a fixed-dose combination of buprenorphine (BUP), a partial mu-opioid receptor (MOR) agonist and ...
The role of the brain's endocannabinoid system in pain and its modulation by stress
(Elsevier, 2015-11-06)
Stress has a complex, bidirectional modulatory influence on pain. Stress may either reduce (stress-induced analgesia) or exacerbate (stress-induced hyperalgesia) pain depending on the nature, duration, and intensity of the ...
Impaired recognition memory and cognitive flexibility in the rat L5-L6 spinal nerve ligation model of neuropathic pain
(De Gruyter, 2016-01-01)
Background and aims: Although neuropathic pain is known to negatively affect cognition, the neural mechanisms involved are poorly understood. Chronic pain is associated with changes in synaptic plasticity in the brain which ...
N-palmitoylethanolamide in the anterior cingulate cortex attenuates inflammatory pain behaviour indirectly via a CB1 receptor-mediated mechanism
(Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2016-12)
The neural substrates and mechanisms mediating the antinociceptive effects of the endogenous bioactive lipid, N-palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), require further investigation. We investigated the effects of exogenous PEA ...
The development of translational biomarkers as a tool for improving the understanding, diagnosis and treatment of chronic neuropathic pain
(Springer, 2017-03-30)
Chronic neuropathic pain (CNP) is one of the most significant unmet clinical needs in modern medicine. Alongside the lack of effective treatments, there is a great deficit in the availability of objective diagnostic methods ...
PPARs and pain
(Wiley, 2018-04-21)
Chronic pain is a common cause of disability worldwide and remains a global health and socio-economic challenge. Current analgesics are either ineffective in a significant proportion of patients with chronic pain or ...
Sex differences and similarities in depressive-and anxiety-like behaviour in the Wistar-Kyoto rat
(Elsevier, 2016-08-31)
Depression is a debilitating psychiatric disorder that is highly comorbid with anxiety. Depression is twice as prevalent in women as in men, however, females remain underrepresented in preclinical research. The stress ...
For whom the endocannabinoid tolls: Modulation of innate immune function and implications for psychiatric disorders
(Elsevier, 2015-03-17)
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) mediate the innate immune response to pathogens and are critical in the host defence, homeostasis and response to injury. However, uncontrolled and aberrant TLR activation can elicit potent effects ...