Synchronization Issues for Smart Grids

Abstract

The loss of time synchronization across a Smart Grid due to local A/D and D/A conversion processes between the digital domain and the analogue control domain is considered. It is shown that a local calibration can be implemented to enable a determination of clock skew in individual analog sub-systems. Given this information two correction strategies are explained, one based entirely on network-side modification of the control signal data stream. A second approach is based on modification of the control signal on individual client sub-systems allows use of a multi-cast control signal and facilitates both local and global synchronization of the control signals.