A polygenic risk score analysis of psychosis endophenotypes across brain functional, structural, and cognitive domains
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2017-08-29Author
Ranlund, Siri
Calafato, Stella
Thygesen, Johan H.
Lin, Kuang
Cahn, Wiepke
Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto
de Zwarte, Sonja M.C.
Díez, Álvaro
Di Forti, Marta
Iyegbe, Conrad
Jablensky, Assen
Jones, Rebecca
Hall, Mei-Hua
Kahn, Rene
Kalaydjieva, Luba
Kravariti, Eugenia
McDonald, Colm
McIntosh, Andrew M.
McQuillin, Andrew
Picchioni, Marco
Prata, Diana P.
Rujescu, Dan
Schulze, Katja
Shaikh, Madiha
Toulopoulou, Timothea
van Haren, Neeltje
van Os, Jim
Vassos, Evangelos
Walshe, Muriel
Lewis, Cathryn
Murray, Robin M.
Powell, John
Bramon, Elvira
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Ranlund, Siri; Calafato, Stella; Thygesen, Johan H. Lin, Kuang; Cahn, Wiepke; Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto; de Zwarte, Sonja M.C.; Díez, Álvaro; Di Forti, Marta; Iyegbe, Conrad; Jablensky, Assen; Jones, Rebecca; Hall, Mei-Hua; Kahn, Rene; Kalaydjieva, Luba; Kravariti, Eugenia; McDonald, Colm; McIntosh, Andrew M.; McQuillin, Andrew; Picchioni, Marco; Prata, Diana P.; Rujescu, Dan; Schulze, Katja; Shaikh, Madiha; Toulopoulou, Timothea; van Haren, Neeltje; van Os, Jim; Vassos, Evangelos; Walshe, Muriel; Lewis, Cathryn; Murray, Robin M.; Powell, John; Bramon, Elvira; , ; , ; , (2017). A polygenic risk score analysis of psychosis endophenotypes across brain functional, structural, and cognitive domains. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics 177 (1), 21-34
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Abstract
This large multi-center study investigates the relationships between genetic risk for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and multi-modal endophenotypes for psychosis. The sample included 4,242 individuals; 1,087 patients with psychosis, 822 unaffected first-degree relatives of patients, and 2,333 controls. Endophenotypes included the P300 event-related potential (N=515), lateral ventricular volume (N=798), and the cognitive measures block design (N=3,089), digit span (N=1,437), and the Ray Auditory Verbal Learning Task (N=2,406). Data were collected across 11 sites in Europe and Australia; all genotyping and genetic analyses were done at the same laboratory in the United Kingdom. We calculated polygenic risk scores for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder separately, and used linear regression to test whether polygenic scores influenced the endophenotypes. Results showed that higher polygenic scores for schizophrenia were associated with poorer performance on the block design task and explained 0.2% (p=0.009) of the variance. Associations in the same direction were found for bipolar disorder scores, but this was not statistically significant at the 1% level (p=0.02). The schizophrenia score explained 0.4% of variance in lateral ventricular volumes, the largest across all phenotypes examined, although this was not significant (p=0.063). None of the remaining associations reached significance after correction for multiple testing (with alpha at 1%). These results indicate that common genetic variants associated with schizophrenia predict performance in spatial visualization, providing additional evidence that this measure is an endophenotype for the disorder with shared genetic risk variants. The use of endophenotypes such as this will help to characterize the effects of common genetic variation in psychosis.