Highway surface runoff contains pollutants such as total suspended solids (TSS), hydrocarbons, de-icing salts, and heavy metals. Treatment methods for highway runoff include storage/treatment facilities, such as constructed ...

In Ireland, the most common method of disposal of dairy parlour washings is by land spreading. This treatment method has numerous problems, namely high labour requirements and the potential for eutrophication of surface ...

In Ireland, no database detailing the design, influent loading rates or performance of constructed wetlands (CWs) exists. On account of this, they are designed without any protocol based on empirical data. The aim of ...

The aim of this study was to examine the seasonal variation in biomass, total nitrogen (Tot-N) and total phosphorus (Tot-P) content of Phragmites australis in a 3-cell free-water surface (FWS) constructed wetland in western ...