Dielectric properties of bones: A potential indicator for osteoporosis
Date
2018-01-26Author
Amin, Bilal
Elahi, Muhammad Adnan
Porter, Emily
Shahzad, Atif
O'Halloran, Martin
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Amin, Bilal, Elahi, Muhammad Adnan, Porter, Emily, Shahzad, Atif, & O'Halloran, Martin. (2018). Dielectric properties of bones: A potential indicator for osteoporosis. Paper presented at the Bioengineering in Ireland 24, Dublin, Ireland, 26-27 January. DOI: 10.13025/9amh-9b20
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Abstract
Osteoporosis is one of the major bone disease that results
into bone fragility and fractures. Approximately 300,000
people over the age of 50 years suffer from osteoporosis
in Ireland. Osteoporosis is mainly caused due to
demineralization of bones [1]. Currently bone mineral
density (BMD) is considered as a key indicator for
diagnosis of osteoporosis. The BMD is widely measured
by employing the dual energy X-ray absorptiometry
(DXA) scan. DXA scan uses the standard X-ray doses,
therefore frequent DXA scans can cause long term health
risks [2]. Therefore, a portable diagnostic device that
does not use ionizing radiation is required for monitoring
of osteoporosis. Dielectric Properties (DP) of biological
tissue characterize the interaction of electromagnetic
waves with the tissues and are influenced by the
composition of the tissue. Therefore, demineralisation of
bone is expected to change DP of the bone. Microwave
tomography imaging (MTI) can potentially measure invivo DP of the bone and can be used for osteoporosis
monitoring [2]. However, this requires quantification of
correlation between DP and various BMD levels. Some
studies have investigated the relationship between DP
and BMD of bone [2, 3]. However, these studies differ in
terms of sources of bone samples, measurement
frequency ranges and measurement protocols. This paper
reviews these existing studies to establish correlation
between DP and BMD of bones in microwave frequency
range. This review will provide basis for the development
of microwave-based novel diagnostic devices for the
monitoring of osteoporosis.