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dc.contributor.advisorKeane, Marcus
dc.contributor.authorO'Connell, Sarah
dc.date.accessioned2020-10-02T08:19:44Z
dc.date.available2020-10-02T08:19:44Z
dc.date.issued2020-09-28
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10379/16194
dc.description.abstractPower and energy flexibility in buildings and sites is an integral part of the solution to address the electrical grid’s challenges posed by increasing renewable generation, decarbonisation of the electricity supply and electrification of buildings, transport and industry. Addressing these challenges requires flexibility to deliver demand response services. Commercial buildings, residential buildings and smaller industrial sites have significant underutilised potential due to a lack of consistency associated with assessing their flexibility. To unlock this potential, a scalable, easy to use flexibility assessment methodology is required. A standardised four-step flexibility assessment methodology was developed during the course of this research, conducted under the scope of the International Energy Agency’s Energy in Buildings and Communities Annex 67 ‘Energy Flexible Buildings’. The four steps in the methodology consist of Step 1: Systems, Loads, Storage & Generation Identification; Step 2: Flexibility Characterisation; Step 3: Scenario Modelling and Step 4: Key Performance Indicators (KPI) Label. Underpinned by adapted elements of the energy auditing standard ISO 50002, the methodology evaluates the available electrical load reduction or increase that a building or site can provide in response to a demand response signal from an aggregator or grid operator. Addressing the need for an early stage flexibility assessment, i.e. before any investment on site and before contracts are negotiated, it explicitly includes flexibility source selection by utilising Shedability, Controllability and Acceptability as a filter or triage step. Detailed parameter definition ensures key performance elements are captured. The output of the methodology is a defined flexibility range which enables contract negotiation between building or site operators and aggregators for demand side services, captured on a KPI label for the building or site. Implementation is in an off-line manner, without the need for real-time data acquisition, ICT platforms or additional installations, as existing assessment approaches would require. Stakeholders consulted during the development of the methodology found it relevant and technically robust, particularly the incorporation of ISO 50002. A detailed case study for one building, conducted by the author, is described and verified through on-site experiments, establishing the feasibility and accuracy of the methodology. Ease of use and scalability was demonstrated through implementation by others at multiple pilot sites in the context of the Horizon 2020 Energy Local Storage Advanced system (ELSA: 2015 - 2018) project. The pilot sites consisted of different building and site types across Europe, with a number of flexible sources. Benchmarking the results against published demonstration studies showed that three of the pilot sites achieved above average flexibility. Comparing the methodology outputs with experimental results, flexibility prediction was within a 10% error range, an accepted threshold for grid prediction error in the literature, for four out of the five pilot sites.en_IE
dc.publisherNUI Galway
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Ireland
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ie/
dc.subjectFlexibilityen_IE
dc.subjectDemand Responseen_IE
dc.subjectBuilding-to-griden_IE
dc.subjectEnergyen_IE
dc.subjectEnergy in Buildingsen_IE
dc.subjectEngineering and Scienceen_IE
dc.subjectCivil Engineeringen_IE
dc.titleDevelopment of a standardised assessment methodology relating to flexibility analysis for demand responseen_IE
dc.typeThesisen
dc.contributor.funderUnited Technologies Research Centreen_IE
dc.contributor.funderHorizon 2020en_IE
dc.local.notePower and energy flexibility in buildings and sites involves decreasing or increasing the electrical energy that comes from the grid in a controlled way. Flexibility is an integral part of the global solution to address the electrical grid’s challenges posed by increasing renewable generation, decarbonisation of the electricity supply (i.e. removing carbon from electricity generation by increasing the amount of renewable energy using wind, solar and other forms of renewable generation) and electrification (moving from fossil fuels such as oil and gas to electricity) of buildings, transport and industry. Addressing these challenges requires flexibility to deliver demand response services. Demand response services involve the grid operators such as Eirgrid sending a signal to the building or site asking it to reduce or increase its electricity consumption. Commercial buildings, residential buildings and smaller industrial sites have significant underutilised potential due to a lack of consistency associated with assessing their flexibility. Approaches for assessing flexibility at present are varied and are done on a case-by-case basis, for example some assessments are not systematic, while on the other hand, detailed assessments are time consuming, expensive and may be assessing systems that are ultimately not flexible. To unlock the underutilised potential of buildings and smaller sites, a scalable, easy to use flexibility assessment methodology was developed during the course of this research, conducted under the scope of the International Energy Agency’s Energy in Buildings and Communities Annex 67 ‘Energy Flexible Buildings’. The four steps in the methodology consist of Step 1: Systems, Loads, Storage & Generation Identification; Step 2: Flexibility Characterisation; Step 3: Scenario Modelling and Step 4: Key Performance Indicators (KPI) Label.en_IE
dc.local.finalYesen_IE
dcterms.projectinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020::IA/646125/EU/Energy Local Storage Advanced system (ELSA)/ELSAen_IE
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Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Ireland