Novel strategies for exploitation of milk glycoproteins for food ingredient applications
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Date
2019-08-02Author
Feeney, Shane
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Abstract
This thesis sets out to explore the potential bioactivities associated with the bovine milk
proteome with a view to improving our understanding of the roles bovine milk proteins
may play in human health promotion. The bovine milk proteome is a rich source of
numerous biological and nutritionally relevant components including proteins,
oligosaccharides and calcium.The thesis aims to contribute towards further discovery and
development of functional ingredients which can be potentially used for supplementation
in infant formula and products for elderly or immune-compromised individuals. Here we
investigate the entire milk proteome in early lactation and individual milk proteins
including glycomacropeptide (GMP) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) which, in recent years,
have been shown to be highly bioactive glycoproteins that are commercially viable to
produce. In order to better understand the potential effects of bovine milk proteins on
immune function and gastrointestinal development, the transcriptional response of HT-29
cells exposed to the proteome of raw milk at Day 1 and 10 of lactation were compared.
Similarly, the response of the HT-29 cells to a commercial GMP ingredient isolated from
bovine mature milk was also investigated using microarray analysis. Bovine colostrum is
an excellent source of IgG with a distinct glycosylation profile. IgG was isolated from milk
samples (3 cows at 4 time-points over lactation) and alterations in glycosylation were
profiled using lectin microarrays and monosaccharide analysis. Finally, the anti-infective
properties associated with bovine GMP towards Escherichia coli (E.coli) strains were
investigated using human colonic adenocarcinoma, HT-29 and Caco-2 cell line models.
Furthermore, GMP was shown to help in preventing the destruction of cellular tight
junctions and subsequent translocation of E.coli across Caco-2 cell monolayers.
It further highlights the importance of these complex molecules as bio-active
ingredients for use in the pharmaceutical and food industry. Future research should focus
on in vivo trials, in order to fully access the ability of these ingredients in maintaining and
preserving human health.