Browsing by Subject "chromatin"
Now showing items 1-16 of 16
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A cenp-s/x complex assembles at the centromere in s and g2 phases of the human cell cycle
(The Royal Society, 2014-02-12)The functional identity of centromeres arises from a set of specific nucleoprotein particle subunits of the centromeric chromatin fibre. These include CENP-A and histone H3 nucleosomes and a novel nucleosome-like complex ... -
A localized nucleolar dna damage response facilitates recruitment of the homology-directed repair machinery independent of cell cycle stage
(Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 2015-05-27)DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are repaired by two main pathways: nonhomologous end-joining and homologous recombination (HR). Repair pathway choice is thought to be determined by cell cycle timing and chromatin context. ... -
Centromere sliding on a mammalian chromosome
(Springer Nature, 2014-11-21)The centromere directs the segregation of chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis. It is a distinct genetic locus whose identity is established through epigenetic mechanisms that depend on the deposition of centromere-specific ... -
Characterisation of histone variants in the cnidarian Hydractinia
(NUI Galway, 2019-02-21)Hydractinia is a marine hydrozoan cnidarian that has been a model organism for developmental biology for over a century. Very few studies have been carried out on chromatin biology in cnidarians. To date, there is no ... -
Clinically applicable inhibitors impacting genome stability
(MDPI AG, 2018-05-13)Advances in technology have facilitated the molecular profiling (genomic and transcriptomic) of tumours, and has led to improved stratification of patients and the individualisation of treatment regimes. To fully realize ... -
Common genetic variants influence human subcortical brain structures
(Springer Nature, 2015-01-21)The highly complex structure of the human brain is strongly shaped by genetic influences(1). Subcortical brain regions form circuits with cortical areas to coordinate movement(2), learning, memory(3) and motivation(4), and ... -
Esperanto for histones: cenp-a, not cenh3, is the centromeric histone h3 variant
(Springer Nature, 2013-04-01)The first centromeric protein identified in any species was CENP-A, a divergent member of the histone H3 family that was recognised by autoantibodies from patients with scleroderma-spectrum disease. It has recently been ... -
Fine-scale mapping of the fgfr2 breast cancer risk locus: putative functional variants differentially bind foxa1 and e2f1
(Elsevier BV, 2013-12-01)The 10q26 locus in the second intron of FGFR2 is the locus most strongly associated with estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer in genome-wide association studies. We conducted fine-scale mapping in case-control studies ... -
Histone h2ax y142 phosphorylation is a low abundance modification
(Elsevier BV, 2015-11-01) -
Integrating the genomic architecture of human nucleolar organizer regions with the biophysical properties of nucleoli
(Wiley-Blackwell, 2017-06-02)Nucleoli are the sites of ribosome biogenesis and the largest membraneless subnuclear structures. They are intimately linked with growth and proliferation control and function as sensors of cellular stress. Nucleoli form ... -
Life at the mesoscale: the self-organised cytoplasm and nucleoplasm
(Springer Nature, 2015-02-25)The cell contains highly dynamic structures exploiting physical principles of self-organisation at the mesoscale (100 nm to 10 mu m). Examples include non-membrane bound cytoplasmic bodies, cytoskeleton-based motor networks ... -
Plant deubiquitinases and their role in the control of gene expression through modification of histones
(Frontiers Media SA, 2018-01-17)Selective degradation of proteins in the cell occurs through ubiquitination, which consists of post-translational deposition of ubiquitin on proteins to target them for degradation by proteases. However, ubiquitination ... -
Regulation of the dna damage response and gene expression by the dot1l histone methyltransferase and the 53bp1 tumour suppressor
(Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2011-02-24)Background: Dot1L, a histone methyltransferase that targets histone H3 lysine 79 (H3K79), has been implicated in gene regulation and the DNA damage response although its functions in these processes remain poorly ... -
Rna:dna hybrids in the human genome have distinctive nucleotide characteristics, chromatin composition, and transcriptional relationships
(Springer Nature, 2015-11-16)Background: RNA:DNA hybrids represent a non-canonical nucleic acid structure that has been associated with a range of human diseases and potential transcriptional regulatory functions. Mapping of RNA:DNA hybrids in human ... -
The cnidarian hydractinia echinata employs canonical and highly adapted histones to pack its dna
(Springer Nature, 2016-09-06)Background: Cnidarians are a group of early branching animals including corals, jellyfish and hydroids that are renowned for their high regenerative ability, growth plasticity and longevity. Because cnidarian genomes are ... -
The shared genomic architecture of human nucleolar organizer regions
(Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 2013-08-29)The short arms of the five acrocentric human chromosomes harbor sequences that direct the assembly and function of the nucleolus, one of the key functional domains of the nucleus, yet they are absent from the current human ...